If we recognize that architecture is at a tipping point—in which form, once immediate and vital, risks dissolving into a haze of proliferating crises—then the moment calls for a fundamental rethinking of form itself, not as an outcome of crisis but as its very cause. Crisis has long unsettled architecture: modernists, postmodernists, deconstructivists, and parametricists each declared a state of emergency in which the discipline faltered. Still, a recurring twentieth-century question remains: Can architecture act politically in response to crisis—whether in housing, civic identity, or technological shifts?
Today's crises, however, are entangled in broader complexities. The contemporary world is defined by what French philosopher Edgar Morin termed "polycrisis"—a web of interlinked emergencies that confound both institutional structures and inherited architectural frameworks. Whereas architecture once aspired to generate stable meaning, today's swirl of economic, environmental, and political disruptions has undermined that assumption. In response, some retreat from architecture into policy, finance, or material logistics. Yet, rather than diminishing architecture's cultural potency, these challenges invite a renewed engagement with form.
"Crisis Formalism" proposes that form—often reduced to mere aesthetic expression—can become the site where crisis is contained, concentrated, and transformed into new architectural possibilities. What, then, are the formal implications of crisis?
Historically, crises have shaped architectural forms in profound ways. Consider the Kaiping Diaolou in Guangdong, China: a network of more than 1,800 fortified towers that emerged from intersecting crises—bandit raids, seasonal food shortages, forced migration, economic upheaval, and cross-cultural exchanges. Built between 1900 and 1931, these structures combined defensive features (fortified walls, elevated entries) with Western stylistic influences, reflecting the hybrid identities of returning Chinese laborers who had faced exclusionary policies abroad. These structures embodied crisis as an architectural force, demonstrating how multiple disruptions converse to generate new forms.
"Crisis Formalism" stands on a dual premise: first, that architectural form has lost its immediacy and resonance; second, that contemporary crises require more than reactive solutions. If architects address crises in isolation—whether geopolitical, financial, or environmental—designs unravel under the weight of their interdependencies. Morin warns that fragmented, reductionist thinking produces a blindness that leaves architecture complicit in the very crises it seeks to mitigate.
In this issue: Almost Nothing by Edgar Rodriguez; Bayberry Greenhouses: Monumentality and Cropscape by Michelle Deng; Polyconceptual Futures. MILLIØNS' Zeina Koreitem and John May in Conversation with Michael Abel; Architecture versus the Entropic City. An excerpt of a WhatsApp chat between Preston Scott Cohen and Robert Levit;
Archive TOWARDS A CYBERSPACIAL URBAN TERRAIN. Rem Koolhaas in Conversation with
Francesco Bonami; Participatory Design or Processual Formalism? Frei Otto, the Ökohaus, and the Ökohäsler by Matthew Kennedy; Race, Property, Rebellion. Cameron Rowland by Hugo Bausch Belbachir; Architectural Universlity in the Age of Global Anomie b+, a case study with quotes from Olaf Grawert, by Reese Lewis; Repairing Shinjuku by Gaku Inoue; Architecture in Crisis in Crisis by Paul Ruppert; ANY: Silvery-Graysh Boxes by Emmett Zeifman; On Skateboarding and Architecture by
Jonathan Olivares; Are All Crisis Equal? MOS' Michael Meredith and Hilary Sample in Conversation with Michael Abel and Nile Greenberg; The Viewing Platform: A Spatial 9/11 Civic Duty (And an Architectural Shock Absorber of "The Right Measure") by Ewa Roztocka; David Eskenazi: Scaling Collapse by Nile Greenberg; Forms' Fall from Utopia by Gray Broderick; Unknown Architects. The Arbeitsrat für Kunst and the German Revolution 1918–19 by Phillip Denny; Who Are These People?
Kai Althoff in Conversation with Carlo Antonelli;
Cyprien Gaillard's Dance Macabre by Ben Broome; Total Warfare. Luigi Alberto Cippini in Conversation with Michael Abel and Nile Greenberg; Echoes in Motion. CLOCKS' Mahfuz Sultan in Conversation with Michael Abel; Survival Architecture: Within Crisis by Michaela Friedberg.
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